1) What ideas or ideologies lead to World War I beginning?
Nationalism, Serbian search for recognition/independence,
2) Outline the specific events in 1914 that led to a World War.
Serbians wanted nationalistic recognition. Franz Ferdinand assassinated. Many people with alliances lashed out against Serbians. Serbian allies retaliated as well. Mass fighting and alliance-ing ensued. WWI (The Great War) hath begun...
3) What advancements in technology help create massive causalities?
Poison Gas, Tanks, Flamethrowers! (OH MY!) !#!@#!##@!R$@#!!@#
4) How did the forming of alliances increase the likelihood of war?
Pretty much obligated certain countries to enter war if someone they were associated with got attacked. The many alliances were building up to the point where had one country been attacked, the whole world would have to choose a side to stick with the terms they had agreed with
5) List the Allies and the Central Powers during the war.
Allies: Portugal, France, Italy, Britain, Ireland, Albania, Montenegro, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Russia, United States of America.
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire.
Neutral Nubs: America (For a lil' bit), Spain, Persia, Norway, Sweden, Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Denmark, and Luxembourg
DON'T FORGET JAPAN!
6) Explain how world in Europe brought an economic boom for the United States.
The United Kingdom was struggling for supplies, materials, and just money in general. They were looking at America while it remained neutral for financial aid as well as a source of weapons and supplies. However, this put America at a disadvantage because they had hoped to remain neutral, but they were helping an allied country which made the Germans a lil' angry.
7) Briefly discuss the importance of the following battles: Marne, Verdun, Somme, Gallipoli, Argonne Forest.
MARNE: The battle of the Marne was one of the first battles in WWI with the British and the French trying to stop the German advance towards the Marne. (Marne is a river by the way. :o ) The battle was fought September 5 and 12, 1914. Prevented Germany from invading Paris and boosted French morale. Made it evident that it was going to be a difficult war with no one side having a clear advantage over the other.
VERDUN: German offensive trench warfare move. Occurred in Northeastern France for more than 10 months. Longest/bloodiest battles of the war amounting to 750,000 deaths for both sides.
SOMME: While the battle of Verdun was commencing, Britain and France went to North France in July for an offensive. Again, high number of deaths/casualties, Allies only gained 7 miles of advancement.
GALLOPOLI: British and French effort to try to capture Istanbul in the Ottoman Empire territory. The battles help the Turkish War for Independence go underway as the aging Ottoman Empire was falling.
ARGONNE FOREST:
8) Who was the U.S. General in Command during the war?
General John Jay Pershing
9) Write three questions of your own based on information that you found interesting in these sections.
Why didn't the government let people eat? :(
Why did the Marines refuse black people? :(
Why did the Germans have to be so mean and keep blowing up ships? :(
Thursday 29 March 2012
Thursday 15 March 2012
Wednesday Grooop Stuff
Polly has been workin' on the railroad...
Railroad: By 1900, there were 250,000 miles of railroad track laid. James J. Hill and Cornelius Vanderbilt were the railroad barons at the time, controlled up to 90% of the railroad at the time. Because of this, they could charge whatever price they wanted to people. However, they could cut deals for their rich buddies so they could travel at lower prices.
Railroad transport was very important as it moved resources from the west-to-east, east-to-west.
Railroad technology: Air brakes, refrigerated railcars, luxurious sleeping cars, electromagnetic braking systems, as well as dining cars.
Railroads also affected how Americans thought about time, people would measure the trip into how many hours it was instead of miles, and this is how time zones came about!
Improved communication inventions: Telephone made in 1876, telegraph.
Other inventions: Kodak Camera invented in 1888, Lewis Latimer improved on the lightbulb, giving it a threaded socket and an improved filament, automatic shoemaking machine.
Thomas Edison inventions: Telephone transmitters, storage battery, electric lightbulbs made in 1879, phonograph made in 1877
THE AGE OF BIG BUSINESS!
Oil was one of the biggest industries back then, and people were finding better, more efficient ways to get it out of the earth faster. Cars were becoming powered by gasoline which helped people get the oil faster and with more reason. Steel business was booming with all the railroads being built and in heavy use. Development of new manufacturing tools made steel very inexpensive.
The corporations grew larger. J.D. Rockefeller and his railroad business and Andrew Carnegie with his steel industry were becoming highly successful.
Many mergers happened at this time, since there many monopolies, people would combine businesses to form corporations to be more beneficial to both parties.
SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT
This law was in 1890, and it sought to protect trade and commerce from unlawful restraint and commerce. However, it didn't fully define trusts or monopolies so people began to reinterpret the act.
INDUSTRIAL WORKERS!
In 1800's most working women were domestic servants, but then by the 1900's more than 1,000,000 women worked in the industry. But since no laws regulate women's salaries, they earned half of what men earned for the same work.
In 1900, a thousand children under the age of 16 were working for the industry. Many states began passing laws that children couldn't work until they were 12 and couldn't work more than 10 hours a day.
Unsatisfied workers formed labor unions so that they could get better working conditions and salaries for them.
HAYMARKET RIOT!
Seven people died... thanks to Manda's bomb. Way to go! :)
ACTS
Pendleton Act: 1883 - Established Civil Service Comission and set up exams for federal jobs.
Sherman Antitrust Act: 1890 - First federal law to control trusts and monopolies.
Interstate Commerce Act: 1887 - Required railroads to charge "reasonable and just" rates & to publish these rates.
Meat Inspection Act: 1906 - Prevented bad meat/misbranded meat products from being sold.
Pure Food and Drug Act: 1906 - Required accurate labeling of food and medicine and banning the sale of harmful food.
CLUBS
Women's clubs were focused on cultural activities like music + painting. Many clubs gradually became concerned with social problems. When clubs refused to admit black people, they established their own clubs.
Women vote nationally thanks to the 19th amendment in 1919 ratified in 1920. This was just in time for the next election! :D
Woman's social reform to protect children.
The WTUL women's trade union leagues encourage working women to form women's labour unions. It also supported laws to protect the rights of women factory workers. WTUL helped to raise money to help striking to pay bail for women who were arrested for participatin in strikes.
THE 18th AMENDMENT: 1919 - Prohibition Law. Made it illegal to transport, make or sell alcohol in the United States.
THE 19th AMENDMENT: 1920 - Provided for woman's suffrage! They could finally vote and this amendment came just in time for the upcoming election. Woohoo!
Political Bosses:
-to gain voters
-did favours for people
-provided jobs for immigrants
-helped needy families
-to gain money!
-accepted bribes
-received campaign contributions
-accepted kickbacks
~ PRESIDENTS - PROGRESSIVES ~
Teddy Roosevelt: In 1902 he ordered the Justice department to take legal action against certain trusts that had violated the Sherman Antitrust act. He targeted the Northern Security compant, the trust was broken apart. He obtained a total of 25 legal charges against beef, oil, and tobacco companies. He made the united mine workers have a normal work pattern. He enforced the US forest service to help preserve nature. (Park Service :o )
William Howard Taft: He won more antitrust in four years than Roosevelt did in seven. He favoured the intro to safety standards in mines and railroad workings. In 1920, Roosevelt challenged Taft in the next election because he was disappointed in Taft. Roosevelt was angry because he didn't get a nomination on the first ballot so he made the Progressive Party. Neither of them on, Wilson did!
Woodrow Wilson: He achieved tariff reforms in 1913. That same year, Congress also passed the Federal Reserve Act to regulate banking. In 1914 he established the Federal Trade Commission to investigate corporations for unfair trade practices. He reserved millions of acres of land for natural forest preservation stuffs. People got more hours which meant more moneys!@#!@#!@#
Railroad: By 1900, there were 250,000 miles of railroad track laid. James J. Hill and Cornelius Vanderbilt were the railroad barons at the time, controlled up to 90% of the railroad at the time. Because of this, they could charge whatever price they wanted to people. However, they could cut deals for their rich buddies so they could travel at lower prices.
Railroad transport was very important as it moved resources from the west-to-east, east-to-west.
Railroad technology: Air brakes, refrigerated railcars, luxurious sleeping cars, electromagnetic braking systems, as well as dining cars.
Railroads also affected how Americans thought about time, people would measure the trip into how many hours it was instead of miles, and this is how time zones came about!
Improved communication inventions: Telephone made in 1876, telegraph.
Other inventions: Kodak Camera invented in 1888, Lewis Latimer improved on the lightbulb, giving it a threaded socket and an improved filament, automatic shoemaking machine.
Thomas Edison inventions: Telephone transmitters, storage battery, electric lightbulbs made in 1879, phonograph made in 1877
THE AGE OF BIG BUSINESS!
Oil was one of the biggest industries back then, and people were finding better, more efficient ways to get it out of the earth faster. Cars were becoming powered by gasoline which helped people get the oil faster and with more reason. Steel business was booming with all the railroads being built and in heavy use. Development of new manufacturing tools made steel very inexpensive.
The corporations grew larger. J.D. Rockefeller and his railroad business and Andrew Carnegie with his steel industry were becoming highly successful.
Many mergers happened at this time, since there many monopolies, people would combine businesses to form corporations to be more beneficial to both parties.
SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT
This law was in 1890, and it sought to protect trade and commerce from unlawful restraint and commerce. However, it didn't fully define trusts or monopolies so people began to reinterpret the act.
INDUSTRIAL WORKERS!
In 1800's most working women were domestic servants, but then by the 1900's more than 1,000,000 women worked in the industry. But since no laws regulate women's salaries, they earned half of what men earned for the same work.
In 1900, a thousand children under the age of 16 were working for the industry. Many states began passing laws that children couldn't work until they were 12 and couldn't work more than 10 hours a day.
Unsatisfied workers formed labor unions so that they could get better working conditions and salaries for them.
HAYMARKET RIOT!
Seven people died... thanks to Manda's bomb. Way to go! :)
THE OTHER GROUP'S STUFF!
ACTS
Pendleton Act: 1883 - Established Civil Service Comission and set up exams for federal jobs.
Sherman Antitrust Act: 1890 - First federal law to control trusts and monopolies.
Interstate Commerce Act: 1887 - Required railroads to charge "reasonable and just" rates & to publish these rates.
Meat Inspection Act: 1906 - Prevented bad meat/misbranded meat products from being sold.
Pure Food and Drug Act: 1906 - Required accurate labeling of food and medicine and banning the sale of harmful food.
CLUBS
Women's clubs were focused on cultural activities like music + painting. Many clubs gradually became concerned with social problems. When clubs refused to admit black people, they established their own clubs.
Women vote nationally thanks to the 19th amendment in 1919 ratified in 1920. This was just in time for the next election! :D
Woman's social reform to protect children.
The WTUL women's trade union leagues encourage working women to form women's labour unions. It also supported laws to protect the rights of women factory workers. WTUL helped to raise money to help striking to pay bail for women who were arrested for participatin in strikes.
THE 18th AMENDMENT: 1919 - Prohibition Law. Made it illegal to transport, make or sell alcohol in the United States.
THE 19th AMENDMENT: 1920 - Provided for woman's suffrage! They could finally vote and this amendment came just in time for the upcoming election. Woohoo!
Political Bosses:
-to gain voters
-did favours for people
-provided jobs for immigrants
-helped needy families
-to gain money!
-accepted bribes
-received campaign contributions
-accepted kickbacks
~ PRESIDENTS - PROGRESSIVES ~
Teddy Roosevelt: In 1902 he ordered the Justice department to take legal action against certain trusts that had violated the Sherman Antitrust act. He targeted the Northern Security compant, the trust was broken apart. He obtained a total of 25 legal charges against beef, oil, and tobacco companies. He made the united mine workers have a normal work pattern. He enforced the US forest service to help preserve nature. (Park Service :o )
William Howard Taft: He won more antitrust in four years than Roosevelt did in seven. He favoured the intro to safety standards in mines and railroad workings. In 1920, Roosevelt challenged Taft in the next election because he was disappointed in Taft. Roosevelt was angry because he didn't get a nomination on the first ballot so he made the Progressive Party. Neither of them on, Wilson did!
Woodrow Wilson: He achieved tariff reforms in 1913. That same year, Congress also passed the Federal Reserve Act to regulate banking. In 1914 he established the Federal Trade Commission to investigate corporations for unfair trade practices. He reserved millions of acres of land for natural forest preservation stuffs. People got more hours which meant more moneys!@#!@#!@#
Wednesday 14 March 2012
More Questions ---Chapter 21
7. How did corrupt political bosses get voters for their parties?
Doing favours for people, being total brown-nosers and trying to build the most positive public image they could in order for the votes. Most of the time, they weren't giving a damn about the people, and just played the nice guy role to get who they wanted within a position of power.
8. Why were journalists important to the reform movement?
They brought corruption and injustice to the public eye through media. Because they were sifting through all the lies to find the truth for the American public, the investigative journalists soon came to be called "muckrakers" which I find to be a pretty cool word to say...
9. What amendment provided for the direct election of senators?
The Seventeenth Amendment, ratified in 1913.
10. What amendment provided for woman suffrage?
The Nineteenth Amendment provided for woman suffrage, ratified in 1920.
11. What is arbitration?
"The settling of a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsider."
12. Why did progressives form their own political party?
Because Roosevelt thought that Taft had stolen the presidential nomination from him as he was another Republican. Therefore, he made a new party to counteract this, called the Progressive party, which he was instantly elected as the Progressive candidate.
13. What was the purpose of the Federal Reserve Act?
To regulate banking by creating 12 national banks that were controlled by the central government. D.C. could keep a better eye on what happened with all the nation's wealth this way.
14. What is discrimination?
De people be hatin' on de utha folks cuz of de coluh o' dey skin, where dey from, where dey go t'church, and whutnot. (Or as the book says, "Unequal treatment because of race, religion, ethnic background, or place of birth.)
15. What did Dr. Carlos Montezuma think about Native American reservations?
He felt that they were hurting the Natives, and he decided to become an activist and bring the problems out to the public that the government was abusing them. Montezuma wanted the Natives to leave the reservations and establish their own way in American society to prevent being holed up in a tiny reservation away from the world.
16. Why did Mexican Americans organize mutualistas?
They couldn't stand alone, especially as a minority is a very bigoted society full of whites. Therefore, the Mexicans formed groups to help one another so that their voice could be heard. Mutualistas did more than that though, they raised money for the Mexican cause and provided for insurance and legal help.
17. How did the Seventeenth Amendment give people a greater voice in government?
Because people now had more control over not just the decision over the executive branch of the government, but also the legislative as it gave direct election for state senators/representatives.
18. Why was the railroad industry subject to so many government regulations?
Because it functioned as an oligopoly (Another awesome word!) and big corporations controlled the prices of everything related to them. People thought this unfair so they wanted the government the step in, because legally they had the power to regulate prices and overall had more control since the railroad crossed state lines.
19. Re-create the diagram below and identify how these laws promote justice and insure citizens' rights.
19th Amendment provided for women suffrage, which was a huge step forward as they had very little rights before the 1920 ratification of this amendment.
Doing favours for people, being total brown-nosers and trying to build the most positive public image they could in order for the votes. Most of the time, they weren't giving a damn about the people, and just played the nice guy role to get who they wanted within a position of power.
8. Why were journalists important to the reform movement?
They brought corruption and injustice to the public eye through media. Because they were sifting through all the lies to find the truth for the American public, the investigative journalists soon came to be called "muckrakers" which I find to be a pretty cool word to say...
9. What amendment provided for the direct election of senators?
The Seventeenth Amendment, ratified in 1913.
10. What amendment provided for woman suffrage?
The Nineteenth Amendment provided for woman suffrage, ratified in 1920.
11. What is arbitration?
"The settling of a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsider."
12. Why did progressives form their own political party?
Because Roosevelt thought that Taft had stolen the presidential nomination from him as he was another Republican. Therefore, he made a new party to counteract this, called the Progressive party, which he was instantly elected as the Progressive candidate.
13. What was the purpose of the Federal Reserve Act?
To regulate banking by creating 12 national banks that were controlled by the central government. D.C. could keep a better eye on what happened with all the nation's wealth this way.
14. What is discrimination?
De people be hatin' on de utha folks cuz of de coluh o' dey skin, where dey from, where dey go t'church, and whutnot. (Or as the book says, "Unequal treatment because of race, religion, ethnic background, or place of birth.)
15. What did Dr. Carlos Montezuma think about Native American reservations?
He felt that they were hurting the Natives, and he decided to become an activist and bring the problems out to the public that the government was abusing them. Montezuma wanted the Natives to leave the reservations and establish their own way in American society to prevent being holed up in a tiny reservation away from the world.
16. Why did Mexican Americans organize mutualistas?
They couldn't stand alone, especially as a minority is a very bigoted society full of whites. Therefore, the Mexicans formed groups to help one another so that their voice could be heard. Mutualistas did more than that though, they raised money for the Mexican cause and provided for insurance and legal help.
17. How did the Seventeenth Amendment give people a greater voice in government?
Because people now had more control over not just the decision over the executive branch of the government, but also the legislative as it gave direct election for state senators/representatives.
18. Why was the railroad industry subject to so many government regulations?
Because it functioned as an oligopoly (Another awesome word!) and big corporations controlled the prices of everything related to them. People thought this unfair so they wanted the government the step in, because legally they had the power to regulate prices and overall had more control since the railroad crossed state lines.
19. Re-create the diagram below and identify how these laws promote justice and insure citizens' rights.
19th Amendment provided for women suffrage, which was a huge step forward as they had very little rights before the 1920 ratification of this amendment.
Sunday 11 March 2012
History Questions
5. Implementation of the Standard gauge, air brakes, car couplers, refrigerated cars, and luxury cars for people to sleep in.
6. The Lightbulb! An automatic telegraph machine. The Phonograph. Motion picture projector. Telephone transmitter. Storage Battery.
7. The Telephone, Telegraph and the postal service, which helped people send letters from all around the country.
8. He made the automobiles run on gasoline. He also manufactured a ton of cars so that there was such a huge supply, driving the price way down.
9. Vertical integration is the joining of important companies who manufacture important resources vital to a large-scale corporation, into said corporation. It is most notable done by Andrew Carnegie as well as J.P. Morgan after purchasing Carnegie's steel plant and forming the United Steel Corporation.
10. In 1890 the government passed the Sherman Antitrust Act so that it could protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraint and monopoly. However, like many other bills/laws/amendments, people decided to be smartasses and atttempt to reinterpret the act because they weren't defined enough.
11. When unions take a position of power to settle deals with management for the benefit of the workers.
12. People were acting up, so the Haymarket Riot put the negative view of terrorism and chaos into the minds of the American people which disheartened them. (As you can imagine...)
13. Automatic Shoemaking machine. Improved lightbulbs. Electric Incubators. Electromagnetic brake system. Automatic circuit breaker.
14. Horizontal integration involved the merging of firms to build a corporation. Vertical integration involved merging companies that provided resources or equipment to help attain a certain purpose of the industry.
15. Because standing alone with a single voice isn't going to get the government/employers attention. Bonding together and forming a group (strength in numbers) is a better way to go about campaigning for something that is desired.
16. Railroad network --> Helped connect both coasts, increased resources flowing from west to east, east to west.
17. Railroad/Trains, Canals/Water travel.
18. The lumber industry due to the amount of how many Sawmills are marked on the map.
19. The South Bend iron/steel industry looks like it has tons of railroads and a notable shipping route coming out of it. It must have an important location. Ohio has two in the Northeastern part of the state, Pennsylvania has one, New York has one, and there's even one in Canada. :o
20. Central, Mountain, and Pacific zones.
21. Midnight, 12:00
22. Noon, 12:00
6. The Lightbulb! An automatic telegraph machine. The Phonograph. Motion picture projector. Telephone transmitter. Storage Battery.
7. The Telephone, Telegraph and the postal service, which helped people send letters from all around the country.
8. He made the automobiles run on gasoline. He also manufactured a ton of cars so that there was such a huge supply, driving the price way down.
9. Vertical integration is the joining of important companies who manufacture important resources vital to a large-scale corporation, into said corporation. It is most notable done by Andrew Carnegie as well as J.P. Morgan after purchasing Carnegie's steel plant and forming the United Steel Corporation.
10. In 1890 the government passed the Sherman Antitrust Act so that it could protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraint and monopoly. However, like many other bills/laws/amendments, people decided to be smartasses and atttempt to reinterpret the act because they weren't defined enough.
11. When unions take a position of power to settle deals with management for the benefit of the workers.
12. People were acting up, so the Haymarket Riot put the negative view of terrorism and chaos into the minds of the American people which disheartened them. (As you can imagine...)
13. Automatic Shoemaking machine. Improved lightbulbs. Electric Incubators. Electromagnetic brake system. Automatic circuit breaker.
14. Horizontal integration involved the merging of firms to build a corporation. Vertical integration involved merging companies that provided resources or equipment to help attain a certain purpose of the industry.
15. Because standing alone with a single voice isn't going to get the government/employers attention. Bonding together and forming a group (strength in numbers) is a better way to go about campaigning for something that is desired.
16. Railroad network --> Helped connect both coasts, increased resources flowing from west to east, east to west.
17. Railroad/Trains, Canals/Water travel.
18. The lumber industry due to the amount of how many Sawmills are marked on the map.
19. The South Bend iron/steel industry looks like it has tons of railroads and a notable shipping route coming out of it. It must have an important location. Ohio has two in the Northeastern part of the state, Pennsylvania has one, New York has one, and there's even one in Canada. :o
20. Central, Mountain, and Pacific zones.
21. Midnight, 12:00
22. Noon, 12:00
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)