Final Study Time

4. By accepting Germany's demands. The leaders gave Hitler and the Nazi regime Sudetenland and met German offers over and over again.
5. December 17, 1941 at 7 something in the morning.
6. War Production Board supervised the new actions going towards the benefit of industries producing enough war-time goods. Auto companies stopped building cars and began making trucks, citizens couldn't buy as much stuff to save produce for the soldiers, and labour disputes were quickly settled to halt any unnecessary unproductively.
7. Pushing towards Germany from the West while Soviets pushed towards the East.
8. Harriet S. Truman
9. Their refusal to surrender after their loss of the war was evident. The code of honour in their culture made them refuse to give up, so America went to the extreme.
10. Because it allowed Hitler to take Poland without retaliation from the Soviet Union as well as other war-ish actions.
11. Because it was important that there was enough food and supplies for the soldiers
12. Because they were allied with Britain and France and there weren't any important events affecting America directly in the pacific since Hitler was focusing his terror in Europe to begin the war with.

1) What was Manifest Destiny?
It was the idea that the newcomers to America had been granted by God the ability to take over the whole continent of America and bring the word of God to the native inhabitants. (which ended up with the near extinction of many Native American tribes... jerks.)

2) The Oregon Territory consisted of what area? Who claimed it?
The Oregon Territory consisted of, obviously,  
3) Who were the Mountain Men?
4) Why was the Oregon Trail important?
5) Discuss the meaning behind the slogan "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight"?
6) James Polk made what promises to the American public during the election of 1844 (list four - you might need to look up on the internet).
-To acquire California from MExico
-To settle the Oregon Dispute
-To lower a number of different tariffs
-To create an American sub-treasury
-To only serve one term as president
Polk was the only president to fulfill all the promises he set out to achieve.  

7) Discuss how Texas became independent.
8) Discuss the battles of The Alamo and San Jacinto.
9) How long did it take the U.S. to annex Texas? Why?
10) How did the Mexican-American War start? Why did it start? Was it a "Just War"?
11) What was the American response to the war?
12) List the major battles of the war.
13) What was the cost of the war?
14) Why was the California Gold Rush important?
15) How did the Civil War shape our lives today?
16) Name three ways the Civil War changed the South.
17) What constitutional right did Lincoln suspend?
18) List the four border states.
1. Kentucky
2. Delaware
3. West Virginia
4. Missouri
 
19) Why did West Virginia form?
20) What disadvantages did the South face?
21) Why did the Confederate States believe they had a right to leave the Union?
22) What were the three main strategies of the Union?
23) What was the average age of soldiers who fought in the Civil War?
24) What was the outcome of Bull Run?
25) Discuss the Battle of Shiloh.
26) What were Lincoln’s reasons for the Emancipation Proclamation?
27) What did the 13th Amendment do?
28) How was the Civil War a rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight?
29) Discuss the draft laws in the north.
30) Discuss the importance of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg.
31) How did Sherman use “Total War” against the South?
32) Who were the Presidents of the Confederacy and the United States during the Civil War?

Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln

33) What, exactly, did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
34) What were Amendments 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19

Battles:
=-= Gettysburg =-=
=-= Appomattox Courthouse =-=
=-= Antietam =-=
=-= Shiloh =-=
=-= Bull Run =-=
=-= Chancellorsville =-=
=-= Sherman’s March to the Sea =-=

People:
-- Albert Sidney Johnson
-- Ulysses S. Grant
-- Joe Johnson
-- Joe Hooker
-- Tecumseh Sherman
-- Robert E Lee
-- Thomas 'Stonewall' Jackson
-- A.P. Hill
-- James Longstreet
-- Booker T Washington
-- Sojourner Truth
-- Harriet Tubman
-- Frederick Douglas

35) What was the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendment?
36) How was the 14th Amendment reinterpreted?
37) How was the 15th Amendment interrupted?

Be able to Identify the following people:
-- George Armstrong Custer
-- J.P. Morgan
-- W.E.B. Du Bois
-- James Butler Hickok
-- Theodore Roosevelt
-- Eugene Debs
-- Benjamin Harrison
-- William McKinley
-- John D. Rockefeller

Explain importance of:
ø - The assassination of William McKinley
ø - The Robber Barons and what they did
ø - The Jungle
ø - Why the Spanish American War was fought
ø - Wounded Knee
ø - Custer’s Last Stand
ø - Jim Crow
ø - Separate But Equal
ø - How the 14th Amendment was used to protect corporations?
ø - The Panama Canal
ø - Roosevelt and his “big stick”

Other questions:

38) What lands did America get from winning the Spanish-American War?
39) How did this war make America an Imperial Country?
40) How did Theodore Roosevelt rise in politics?
41) What was the Bull Moose Party?
42) Why is W.E.B. Du Bois connected with John the Baptist?
43) How many votes did Eugene Debs receive in 1912? What was his party?
44) What was the 16th Amendment?
45) What was the 17th Amendment?
46) Why did America become “Big Brother” to Latin America under Woodrow Wilson.
47) How did World War I start? Why did World War I start?
48) What were the divisions (or sides)?
49) Discuss the importance of the Lusitania.
50) Why, ultimately, did the United States enter World War I?
51) How many casualties did the Battle of the Marne have?
52) What was the Espionage Act? Do you consider this act legal?
53) How many Americans died in WWI? How many people died in total?
54) How was the world map reshaped after WWI?

More People:
-- Woodrow Wilson
-- General John J. Pershing
-- Eugene Debs
-- William Howard Taft
-- Upton Sinclair

55) Name five important books of the 1920s.
56) What was the first "talkie"? How did it change America?
57) Discuss the "Red Scare of 1919".
58) What was the 18th amendment? Why was it enacted? How did it go wrong?
59) What is important about Henry Ford? How did he change America?
60) What is important about Charles Lindbergh? How did he symbolize the times?
61) How were stocks inflated? How did this cause the crash?
62) What was Black Thursday and Black Tuesday?
63) What was Hoover's view of Government relief programs?
64) What was the "Bonus Army"?
65) What happened during the "Hundred Days"?
66) What was the WPA and what did it do?
67) What were Roosevelt's FIRESIDE CHATS and why did they become important?

From the Packet:
68) What was Columbus looking for?
69)

Takin' Notes...!

Henry Ford --> First person to utilize the assembly line. He mass produced cars, raised the wages from $3 to $5 for his employees, and brought the cars prices down to the increase in supply. Without him, the cars wouldn't be so cheap, no one could use the cars except the wealthy. The road system of the United States wouldn't have been introduced as quickly as it was, and the migration west to California form the midwest would've been more violent and slow, perhaps causing many to stop short and settling maybe New Mexico or Arizona.

Charles Lindbergh --> He was the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean on virtually no sleep. He returned to America and everyone saw him as a hero. It put into perspective the accomplishes and achievements that made the nation fun. It gave people someone to look up to and new heroes and status symbols that would later be sports stars such as Babe Ruth.

Pool operators --> Pool operators were the political bosses in certain cities. They used their power to give immigrants jobs and cater to the needs of the people in order to cultivate votes for their candidate. Once they had received enough votes to get whoever they wanted into power, they shut off the services and gifts given to people and stopped caring all together once they had achieved what they sought out to do! D:

Stocks inflated --> The people were buying stocks because the stock market was becoming a nation-wide thing that the public was getting into. They were owning shares in companies that were in the process of coming into their own, instead already wealthy companies that established world prowess. For the first time in American society, it seemed like everyone was investing, and the economy was flowing smoothly in appearance. However, in order to buy such stocks, there was such thing as paying in 10-20% incriments, and borrow money from stockbrokers, who in turn borrowed money from the bank, who are in another situation altogether. This caused a big crap once everybody started buying on a margin, and the money was empty and the stocks became worth less than they actually were going for. Debt began to pile up.

October 24, 1929 --> The day the stock market crashed, known as black Thursday, 13 million stocks were sold off. On Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, 16.4 million shares lost, and 29.3 million shares lost in between these two days. (Five days) Within days, a large amount of wealth within the nation vanished. This started the Great Depression and plunged the country into the darkest of times.

Government relief programs --> Hoover felt that they were socialist and communistic. He felt that the business would right itself, and the depressions were just phases that were just natural in a capitalistic economy. Hoover didn't want America going towards being a socialist state.

Fireside Chats --> The Fireside chats were a radio program for Franklin D. Roosevelt. He became the first president to use mass media to appeal to the American people. He would sit down and have a conversation with the people in their living rooms and it gave the country a connection with the man in charge, and they felt that they had the know in what was going on and how the country was running. He also encouraged and kept the people lively during the hard times.

Depression Programs --> Some programs set up during the depression, as part of the New Deals that are still a part of today's life: Social Security, Minimum Wage, Limit on hours per week, Child Labour, Government Insured Banks, Certain Buildings part of the WPA like Fort Knox.

Philosophical WWI --> Serbian search for Independence and nationalistic recognition. The system of national allies and the amount of treaties being signed with countries and countries. Therefore, whenever one country goes to war, the others have to keep their promises and retaliate with their allies which in turn, causes THEIR allies to help out in the effort, and eventually the whole world was killing/stabbing/shooting each other.

Bonus Army --> The Bonus Army was a collection of WWI veterans that were promised $1,000 pensions around 1945. However, many people were losing jobs and the economy was headed down a bad road, and the veterans wanted it sooner so they could keep their families going. They demanded the federal government give them the money but they refused, so they camped out in D.C. until their demands were met. Douglas MacArthut and Dwight D. Eisenhower took action and scurried them off when the camping/loitering/protesting got too much. 

Hundred Days --> Roosevelt established New Deal. Many administrations were set up, such as the Civillian Conservation Corps, Federal Relief Administration, Works Progress Administration, many many others, and 15 proposals to congress, all of which were passed. It was an amazingly productive time that was unmatched by any president before Roosevelt. Now, presidents are judged on the first hundred days in office to see what they can do and if they live up to their campaign speeches. (And they always do...)

Harding's Presidency --> Once he was elected, he admitted he was qualified and had no clue what the hell he was doing. He elected many cabinet members and selected friends to fill other seats in the house. These came to be known as the Ohio gang and the corruption was disgusting. There were bribes being accepted, the friends would start underground businesses, but none of them were ever tied to Harding. He was just stupid and that was the downfall. 

Marcus Garvey --> Big Black Guy!!!!!! He was born into a poor familiy in Jamaica moved to New York, and he wanted black people to leave America and return to Africa. He felt that they should be proud of the heritage of black people, and he had a mass following. He had Garveyites that would don ridiculously awesome outifts and march around preaching his message. Garvey started the Black Pride movement and started UNIA, inspiring Malcolm X, MLK Jr., and Black Muslims in the near future.

Huey Long --> This guy was the devil I think. He wanted to tax the rich and give every poor American, a house, a car, and an annual income of $2,500. He was a very corrupt man that would've been America's first dictator, yet he was assassinated shortly after he could've been elected and America was saved from a man who looks strikingly similar to Hitler mixed with that one guy from that jewelry show that I don't like.

WPA --> The Works Progress Administration. It employed millions of unskilled and untrained workers to do public works such as build roads, set up railways. It's primary purpose was to help the country by performing public works and giving many poor Americans jobs in a time where the unemployment rate was approaching upwards of 25%. It also hired writers, photographers, and painters, to collect folklore, document American life, and share stories of the culture of the country as a whole. Very important program as far as what it actually did to the country and stimulating the population.

WWI change U.S. --> Economically powerful after the war. Emerges from the war as one of the world powers, where before the war, US was budding into its own and was on the line of practicing isolationism.

Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities

2. What did the Bonus Army want the government to do?

They protested outside of the capital, and wanted the pensions they were promised for World War I sooner because the country was going through economic turmoil. They were denied their money, and MacArthur/Eisenhower came in to break up the Army and killed two war veterans. Big no no. >:o

3. What was the New Deal?

The New Deal was the collective name for the laws, acts, and programs that were past or set up during Roosevelt's first term as president. Among these were the Civillian Conservation Corps, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, the National Recovery Administration, the Public Works Administration, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

4. How did the CCC benefit the unemployed as well as the nation?

It gave many young men the opportunity to have to an easy job, planting trees, establishing parks, and restoring run-down areas of cities, and benefitted the well-being of the areas in which the people were working.

5. In what region was the Dust Bowl centered?

In the Midwest: Oklahoma, Kansas, Parts of New Mexico, Nebraska, Eastern Colorado, North Texas, South Dakota, Southeast Montana, and Eastern Wyoming .

6. Summarize the advances made by African Americans and women during the Great Depression.

7. What was the purpose of the Social Security Act?

To generate some income for the old, retired folk, as well as the unemployed, and disabled.

8. Describe two laws passed during the Second New Deal that helped workers and unions.

~The Fair Labour Standards Act, which set a minimum wage and a limit to the amount of hours one could work within a week.
~Works Progress Administration, which created many jobs, as this administration employed men and women to build many government buildings within cities, like airports, hospitals, and schools. 

9. How did the trend of buying on credit in the 1920's affect banks during the Depression?

Because people were beginning to be careless with the amount of money they accredited and soon enough, the people were starting to credit money from bankers who were crediting money from seemingly nowhere, and it created one big huge mess that ended up causing the depression.

10. How did new technology help cause the Dust Bowl disaster?

Nutrients in the soil were lacking due to the plows, the farming of wrong crops in the region. The soil became loose and devoid of any substance keeping it grounded. High winds spurred, and of course massive dust storms plagued this area of the country, creating what was known as the Dust Bowl! :(

11. Re-create the diagram below and list two ways the federal government changed during Roosevelt's administration:

Changing role of government leads to --> People began to step up and oppose FDR's reign. Dictators such as Huey Long were rising up, yet Long was assassinated and therefore couldn't have a dramatic effect on the federal government.

Chapter Twenty-Four

10. What is installment buying?

For just 10 small payments of $19.95, you too can purchase your very own Snuggie!!!!

11. What did Charles Lindbergh accomplish?

Flew across the Atlantic in 36 hours in an airplane. He was considered a hero by the American public after accomplishing such a feat.

12. Name three important musicians.

Duke Ellington, Besie Smith, Louis Armstrong, Paul Whiteman, Bix Biederbecke, and King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band.

13. How was the Red Scare used to turn the public against unions?


The strikers from the unions were labeled red agitators and thought of as communists by the public, thus making them lose support.


14. How did President Harding feel about the League of Nations?

Along with Coolidge, Harding favoured minimum involvement with worldly affairs. They wanted World Peace, but didn't want to join the League of Nations because it would get them involved with international arguments.


15. What new forms of entertainment were available to the American people in the 1920's as a result of new technology?

Listening to Radio, Driving Automobiles, Watching Movies, Listening to Phonograph records,


16. Re-create the diagram below and describe what you think are the advantages and disadvantages of scientific management.

Advantages: Lowered costs. Increased productivity. Better wages. Birth of Assembly Line. (Could be good or bad :o )
Disadvantages: Propaganda techniques used to advertise.

Review Chapter 23 in Zeh Textbook

1) What ideas or ideologies lead to World War I beginning?
Nationalism, Serbian search for recognition/independence, 

2) Outline the specific events in 1914 that led to a World War.
Serbians wanted nationalistic recognition. Franz Ferdinand assassinated. Many people with alliances lashed out against Serbians. Serbian allies retaliated as well. Mass fighting and alliance-ing ensued. WWI (The Great War) hath begun...

3) What advancements in technology help create massive causalities?
Poison Gas, Tanks, Flamethrowers! (OH MY!) !#!@#!##@!R$@#!!@#

4) How did the forming of alliances increase the likelihood of war?
Pretty much obligated certain countries to enter war if someone they were associated with got attacked. The many alliances were building up to the point where had one country been attacked, the whole world would have to choose a side to stick with the terms they had agreed with 

5) List the Allies and the Central Powers during the war.
Allies: Portugal, France, Italy, Britain, Ireland, Albania, Montenegro, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Russia, United States of America.
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire.
Neutral Nubs: America (For a lil' bit), Spain, Persia, Norway, Sweden, Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Denmark, and Luxembourg
DON'T FORGET JAPAN!

6) Explain how world in Europe brought an economic boom for the United States.
The United Kingdom was struggling for supplies, materials, and just money in general. They were looking at America while it remained neutral for financial aid as well as a source of weapons and supplies. However, this put America at a disadvantage because they had hoped to remain neutral, but they were helping an allied country which made the Germans a lil' angry.

7) Briefly discuss the importance of the following battles: Marne, Verdun, Somme, Gallipoli, Argonne Forest.
MARNE: The battle of the Marne was one of the first battles in WWI with the British and the French trying to stop the German advance towards the Marne. (Marne is a river by the way. :o ) The battle was fought September 5 and 12, 1914. Prevented Germany from invading Paris and boosted French morale. Made it evident that it was going to be a difficult war with no one side having a clear advantage over the other.
VERDUN: German offensive trench warfare move. Occurred in Northeastern France for more than 10 months. Longest/bloodiest battles of the war amounting to 750,000 deaths for both sides.
SOMME: While the battle of Verdun was commencing, Britain and France went to North France in July for an offensive. Again, high number of deaths/casualties, Allies only gained 7 miles of advancement.
GALLOPOLI: British and French effort to try to capture Istanbul in the Ottoman Empire territory. The battles help the Turkish War for Independence go underway as the aging Ottoman Empire was falling.
ARGONNE FOREST: 

8) Who was the U.S. General in Command during the war?
General John Jay Pershing

9) Write three questions of your own based on information that you found interesting in these sections.
Why didn't the government let people eat? :(
Why did the Marines refuse black people? :(
Why did the Germans have to be so mean and keep blowing up ships? :(

Wednesday Grooop Stuff

Polly has been workin' on the railroad...

Railroad: By 1900, there were 250,000 miles of railroad track laid. James J. Hill and Cornelius Vanderbilt were the railroad barons at the time, controlled up to 90% of the railroad at the time. Because of this, they could charge whatever price they wanted to people. However, they could cut deals for their rich buddies so they could travel at lower prices.


Railroad transport was very important as it moved resources from the west-to-east, east-to-west.


Railroad technology: Air brakes, refrigerated railcars, luxurious sleeping cars, electromagnetic braking systems, as well as dining cars.


Railroads also affected how Americans thought about time, people would measure the trip into how many hours it was instead of miles, and this is how time zones came about!


Improved communication inventions: Telephone made in 1876, telegraph.

Other inventions: Kodak Camera invented in 1888, Lewis Latimer improved on the lightbulb, giving it a threaded socket and an improved filament, automatic shoemaking machine.


Thomas Edison inventions: Telephone transmitters, storage battery, electric lightbulbs made in 1879, phonograph made in 1877

THE AGE OF BIG BUSINESS!

      Oil was one of the biggest industries back then, and people were finding better, more efficient ways to get it out of the earth faster. Cars were becoming powered by gasoline which helped people get the oil faster and with more reason. Steel business was booming with all the railroads being built and in heavy use. Development of new manufacturing tools made steel very inexpensive.

     The corporations grew larger. J.D. Rockefeller and his railroad business and Andrew Carnegie with his steel industry were becoming highly successful.

Many mergers happened at this time, since there many monopolies, people would combine businesses to form corporations to be more beneficial to both parties. 

SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT

This law was in 1890, and it sought to protect trade and commerce from unlawful restraint and commerce. However, it didn't fully define trusts or monopolies so people began to reinterpret the act.

INDUSTRIAL WORKERS!

     In 1800's most working women were domestic servants, but then by the 1900's more than 1,000,000 women worked in the industry. But since no laws regulate women's salaries, they earned half of what men earned for the same work.

In 1900, a thousand children under the age of 16 were working for the industry. Many states began passing laws that children couldn't work until they were 12 and couldn't work more than 10 hours a day.

Unsatisfied workers formed labor unions so that they could get better working conditions and salaries for them.



HAYMARKET RIOT!

    Seven people died... thanks to Manda's bomb. Way to go! :)

THE OTHER GROUP'S STUFF!

ACTS
Pendleton Act: 1883 - Established Civil Service Comission and set up exams for federal jobs.
Sherman Antitrust Act: 1890 - First federal law to control trusts and monopolies.
Interstate Commerce Act: 1887 - Required railroads to charge "reasonable and just" rates & to publish these rates.
Meat Inspection Act: 1906 - Prevented bad meat/misbranded meat products from being sold.
Pure Food and Drug Act: 1906 - Required accurate labeling of food and medicine and banning the sale of harmful food.

CLUBS
Women's clubs were focused on cultural activities like music + painting. Many clubs gradually became concerned with social problems. When clubs refused to admit black people, they established their own clubs. 
Women vote nationally thanks to the 19th amendment in 1919 ratified in 1920. This was just in time for the next election! :D
Woman's social reform to protect children.
The WTUL women's trade union leagues encourage working women to form women's labour unions. It also supported laws to protect the rights of women factory workers. WTUL helped to raise money to help striking to pay bail for women who were arrested for participatin in strikes. 

THE 18th AMENDMENT: 1919 - Prohibition Law. Made it illegal to transport, make or sell alcohol in the United States.
THE 19th AMENDMENT: 1920 - Provided for woman's suffrage! They could finally vote and this amendment came just in time for the upcoming election. Woohoo! 


Political Bosses:
-to gain voters
-did favours for people
-provided jobs for immigrants
-helped needy families
-to gain money!
-accepted bribes
-received campaign contributions
-accepted kickbacks

~ PRESIDENTS - PROGRESSIVES ~
Teddy Roosevelt: In 1902 he ordered the Justice department to take legal action against certain trusts that had violated the Sherman Antitrust act. He targeted the Northern Security compant, the trust was broken apart. He obtained a total of 25 legal charges against beef, oil, and tobacco companies. He made the united mine workers have a normal work pattern. He enforced the US forest service to help preserve nature. (Park Service :o )

William Howard Taft: He won more antitrust in four years than Roosevelt did in seven. He favoured the intro to safety standards in mines and railroad workings. In 1920, Roosevelt challenged Taft in the next election because he was disappointed in Taft. Roosevelt was angry because he didn't get a nomination on the first ballot so he made the Progressive Party. Neither of them on, Wilson did!


Woodrow Wilson: He achieved tariff reforms in 1913. That same year, Congress also passed the Federal Reserve Act to regulate banking. In 1914 he established the Federal Trade Commission to investigate corporations for unfair trade practices. He reserved millions of acres of land for natural forest preservation stuffs. People got more hours which meant more moneys!@#!@#!@#

More Questions ---Chapter 21

7. How did corrupt political bosses get voters for their parties?

Doing favours for people, being total brown-nosers and trying to build the most positive public image they could in order for the votes. Most of the time, they weren't giving a damn about the people, and just played the nice guy role to get who they wanted within a position of power.

8. Why were journalists important to the reform movement?

They brought corruption and injustice to the public eye through media. Because they were sifting through all the lies to find the truth for the American public, the investigative journalists soon came to be called "muckrakers" which I find to be a pretty cool word to say...

9. What amendment provided for the direct election of senators?

The Seventeenth Amendment, ratified in 1913.

10. What amendment provided for woman suffrage?

The Nineteenth Amendment provided for woman suffrage, ratified in 1920.

11. What is arbitration?

"The settling of a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsider."

12. Why did progressives form their own political party?

Because Roosevelt thought that Taft had stolen the presidential nomination from him as he was another Republican. Therefore, he made a new party to counteract this, called the Progressive party, which he was instantly elected as the Progressive candidate.

13. What was the purpose of the Federal Reserve Act?

To regulate banking by creating 12 national banks that were controlled by the central government. D.C. could keep a better eye on what happened with all the nation's wealth this way.

14. What is discrimination?

De people be hatin' on de utha folks cuz of de coluh o' dey skin, where dey from, where dey go t'church, and whutnot. (Or as the book says, "Unequal treatment because of race, religion, ethnic background, or place of birth.)

15. What did Dr. Carlos Montezuma think about Native American reservations?

He felt that they were hurting the Natives, and he decided to become an activist and bring the problems out to the public that the government was abusing them. Montezuma wanted the Natives to leave the reservations and establish their own way in American society to prevent being holed up in a tiny reservation away from the world.

16. Why did Mexican Americans organize mutualistas?

They couldn't stand alone, especially as a minority is a very bigoted society full of whites. Therefore, the Mexicans formed groups to help one another so that their voice could be heard. Mutualistas did more than that though, they raised money for the Mexican cause and provided for insurance and legal help.

17. How did the Seventeenth Amendment give people a greater voice in government?

Because people now had more control over not just the decision over the executive branch of the government, but also the legislative as it gave direct election for state senators/representatives.

18. Why was the railroad industry subject to so many government regulations?

Because it functioned as an oligopoly (Another awesome word!) and big corporations controlled the prices of everything related to them. People thought this unfair so they wanted the government the step in, because legally they had the power to regulate prices and overall had more control since the railroad crossed state lines.

19. Re-create the diagram below and identify how these laws promote justice and insure citizens' rights.

19th Amendment provided for women suffrage, which was a huge step forward as they had very little rights before the 1920 ratification of this amendment.