History Reading and Such Questions

1) What are the three branches of government and what are the powers of each?
Legislative - Comes up with laws and show representation of states in Congress
Executive - Approves or vetoes laws, head of the country including the president as well as vice president and cabinet. President acts as commander-in-chief for armed forces/military.
Judicial - Court system, deals with the issuing the laws to the people so they can receive justice fairly.

2) How can these branches check and balance each other?
The Legislative branches can propose new laws, however, the Executive branch must review these and can decided whether or not they actually become laws. If the executive branch vetoes, then the Legislative can reverse the veto if it has enough support backing it. There must be a large majority for this to take place, but it can proceed if given enough help. There are many others for each branch to the other two.

3) What were the compromises to the constitution?
Slaves were to be counted as 60% of a person or 3/5. Also, the great compromise was Roger Sherman's idea of having two houses of Legislature that ensured an equal amount of senators for all states, as well as the House of Representatives that was based on a state's population.

4) Who wrote the Federalist papers?
Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison

5) What was the Bill of Rights? Why did some states demand its inclusion before they ratified 

the constitution?
It was an attachment to the Constitution that clearly stated the rights of the citizens so that the governments could not abuse their power. It was this reason that some states wanted it in the Constitution because they wanted to know that the government couldn't go corrupt and assume ultimate control over its citizens.

6) What were the anti-federalists main fears about the constitution?
That the document would take away the very thing they fought for in the Revolution. Their liberties were being taken from them they felt. The rich were to be catered to more than the common people as well, and as such, the Antifederalists were more inclined to agree with strong local governments that were close to a people.

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1) Discuss the significance of Thomas Jefferson's quote: "A little rebellion now and then is a good thing...God forbid that we should ever be twenty year without such a rebellion...The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants."
Because the fact that the citizens act upon certain things that happen in the government means that they are concerned with their country and care. The fact they rebel is 

2) Why did Shay's Rebellion happen?
Because the government was promising pensions and compensations for the soldiers that fought in the revolution and they weren't getting them. The veterans were also farmers and were getting tired and fed up with the lack of payment, so they came together and started a rebellion.

3) The constitution is "a political creation, hammered together in a series of artfully negotiated compromises. Discuss these compromises.

4) What was the Virginia Plan?
Bicameral plan to split the Legislature with the House of Representatives and Senate.

5) "No person held in service" was a euphemism for what?
The 'S' word - Slaves  :O

6) List the basic Powers and Checks of the three branches of the government.
Legislatures could write bills, but the executives had the final say whether it became a law. If vetoed, the legislatures can in turn hold a vote of 2/3 majority in order for them to overrule the president's rejection. Then the executives can appoint Supreme Court Justices, yet the Legislatures can check that and make sure they're good or not, and the Judicials can make sure each action taken by the Legislatures and the executives is within the realm of legalism stated in the Constitution.

7) Who wrote the Federalist Papers and why did they write them?
- Alexander Hamilton
- John Jay
- James Madison
They wrote the papers to persuade the (landowning) public to accept the idea of a strong federal government that was being proposed in the Continental Congress' meetings.

8) Briefly outline the first ten amendments.
1. Freedom of speech, religion, and the press.
2. Right to bear arms.
3. No more housing soldiers in the houses of citizens.
4. No unreasonable search and seizures without warrants.
5. Cannot be tried for the same crime twice-various other court rights
6. Fair and quick trial
7. Right to a trial by jury
8. No cruel and unusual punishment
9. Rights of citizens
10. State's rights cannot be interfered with by the Federal Government

9) Who could vote in the first election (what parts of the population)?
The rich, landowning population. (Whites of course, No girls allowed, no Indians)

10) How did Washington D.C. come be located on the banks of the Potomac?

11) What did Jay's Treaty do?

12) What was the "Whiskey Rebellion" and how was it put down?
The farmers were tired of their whiskey being taxed, as it was a very profitable item for their economy. To counteract their loss of profits, they stormed in with a rebellion that was met with George Washington along with the largest regiment of troops he'd ever assembled there to shock the irate farmers. This made it so that no one would be rebelling any time soon as Washington had sent a symbolic message through this event.

13) Describe the election of 1800? How was it finally resolved?
 
14) Who was John Marshall?
The Supreme Court Judge appointed by James Madison at the end of his presidential term. 

15) Why did France sell its North America possessions (the Louisiana territory) to the U.S.?
Because Napolean wished to start an empire and he had a plan in place and the land to carry it out in. But when he set out to establish this empire, his men came down with yellow fever and a number of other variables led to a large cost to his cause. He abandoned his plan due to his inability to keep up with the payments of it and in turn sold Louisiana and Westward lands to America.

16) What did Lewis and Clark do? Describe their journey?
They traveled west and explored the land purchased from the French by Jefferson. They traveled to many locations, met many natives, and sent back some amazing research and findings. 

17) How did Hamilton incur the wrath of Aaron Burr? Was he right in what he did? How did the ordeal end?
He did whatever he could to prevent Burr from being president/vice-president. He wanted everyone to vote for Jefferson instead of him because he felt that Burr was a tyrant/untrustworthy man. Burr was furious and challenged him to duel which resulted in Hamilton succumbing to a fatal gunshot wound. And it would seem that Hamilton did

18) What was Jefferson's Embargo Act? Why was it unpopular and what was it suppose to do?

19) What did Tecumseh try and do?
He tried to build an Indian Alliance so they could stand up to the United States and prevent westward expansion.

20) Describe the Battle of Tippecanoe?
American victory. General William Henry Harrison, future president, annihilates the Indian retaliation

21) Most historians call the War of 1812 a draw. Why?
No progress was made, both sides sign a treaty that really puts them back to the state they were in before the war. No mention of impressment is made, which is the reason USA joined the forces. No side receives an advantage, people just died to put it simply. OH yeah, and they burned the White House. :(

22) Describe the Battle of New Orleans.
British attack the Americans led by Andrew Jackson in a completely lopsided battle leaving British with 2000+ dead, and 18+ American casualties. Oddly enough, this battle was fought a good week or two after the treaty was signed that ended the war. Nonetheless, it is still counted as an American victory...but it kind of was a waste of time. :O 

23) What did the Monroe Doctrine state?
America will not tolerate European powers in the Western Hemisphere. It was the final step toward American Independence and it put itself at the head of fixing all problems in that part of the world. They figured that Russia, Spain, Britain, etc. weren't necessary, because the Americans were feeling truly independent.  

24) What was the Missouri Compromise?
Missouri could be a slave state, but nothing north of the Mississippi state could. Southerners were worried that they would lose power if there wasn't an equal amount of free states as there were slave states in the Congress/House of Reps.

Free States: Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont.

Slave States: Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North/South Carolina =, Tennessee, Virginia.

25) How was the election of 1824 decided? Why was it called a "corrupt bargain"?
Clay pushed the electoral college to vote for Adams instead of Jackson, who won the population vote, and lead to Adams being president with Clay becoming the Secretary of State. 

26) List some of the labels attached to Andrew Jackson.
A murderer, adulterer, and his mother was a prostitute.

27) Was Andrew Jackson an Indian hater? What did the natives call him? What "Indian Wars" did he fight in and what was the outcome? What was his native "policy" as President?


28) How did Jackson come to symbolize the common people?
His movement was a grassmovement. He changed the voting system in the western states, and removed the prerequisite of owning land in order to vote. He really worked for the common people and the everyman, which made a lot of people like him. 

Chapter 6 Questions - - - Trip Homework! D:

SECTION 1
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1. Write a short paragraph in which you define the following terms: NEUTRAL, MERCENARY, and RECRUIT.
In order to win this next battle, General Bilbo had to recruit--or enlist--many new soldiers. Unfortunately, there were no more young people willing to fight for Bilbo's cause. Bilbo needed to find some people who were neutral to his conquest, or didn't feel biased towards one side or the other. He took a trip to Australia to see if he could find any mercenaries there, soldiers who could be hired to help without their own opinions or attitudes conflict with whatever side they have been hired. With 5,000 Australian mercenaries, General Bilbo still lost the battle and was shot in the left foot three times. 

2. Compare the strengths of the British and the American military forces.
The British had a certain strength in numbers and supplies. They outnumbered the troops in many battles and after the Battle of Long Island, the Continental Army suffered a shortage of goods and items to keep their soldiers fed, clothed, and armed. However, the land was more familiar to the Americans and reinforcements/supplies were a long way away for the British. 

3. What problems did the Continental Congress face in raising an army to fight during the American Revolution?
The sheer lack of supplies that killed so many due to illness and weather-relating ailments. The soldiers weren't serving for long terms either, and there wasn't a big incentive to fight given the advantage the British had. At one point, African Americans had to be enlisted in order to make a firm military presence in the American land, but the South was very hesitant about giving guns to the blacks. 

4. Explain why African Americans were willing to enlist in the Continental Army.
Because they either, like the Americans, felt a strong Patriotic vision for the future of the country, they were in need of some money, because they were runaways, or because they were promised freedom if they fought.


5. Re-create the chart below and describe each battle, including its outcome, in the space provided.
Long Island - : This battle showed the Continental Army with less than 20,000 troops, putting them at an early disadvantage against the British who had many more supplies and soldiers than them. Because of this, the British had an easy victory, along with the capture of Nathan Hale, who was caught posing as a Dutch schoolteacher, spying on the Redcoats. He was later hung and delivered the classic line: "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country."
Trenton/Princeton - : This battle was a cheap-move, which had George Washington leading his troops towards a surprise ambush on the British soldiers housed in New Jersey. The general idea is that war is suppose to cease in the winter, or slow down, but no fighting should occur on Christmas Day. However, Washington chose to ambush on Dec. 25th, breaking all codes of honour, which led to an easy victory for the Americans, leading to the capture of over 900 Hessians. Before Britain had time to send reinforcements, Washington was already gone! :O


SECTION 2
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1. Write a short paragraph in which you define the terms: DESERT and INFLATION correctly. Use standard sentence structure and spelling in your paragraph.
Many of Mr. Ronald's students began to desert his class and were caught playing hookie outside of the schoolhouse. They were scared because he was teaching economics and told them that the amount of money 

2. Explain why the French did not publicly support the Americans until after the Battle of Saratoga.
Because they were unsure whether or not the Americans were able to pull out a victory. Once they started giving money secretly and the Americans won at Saratoga, the French began to publicly announce their alliance because they knew they were on the winning side at that point. 

3. How were the Loyalists treated by the Patriots during the war?
Obviously not very well. Their neighbours would shun them, beat them, throw things at them, arrested, sent to court, and even killed in some rare cases.


4. The Americans claimed to fight for liberty and freedom. How did these ideals make women and enslaved Africans question their positions in society?
The women felt that they had just as much access to fighting for liberty as men did. They wanted to be a part of the Revolution as well as get the same education as men. Of course this didn't really bode well for them as this was such a preposterous idea back in the time. The War also led to the Americans to begin questioning slavery, which gave Africans a more equal standpoint on fighting for liberty and freedom.

5. Re-create the diagram below and describe what happened when the Continental Congress tried to finance the war by printing money.

Printing money: -> Too much paper money being printed at one time.
                        -> Value of paper money plummeted due to the little amounts of silver/gold backing them up.
                        -> Paper money kept being used due to the lack of any other method of paying for war costs.

SECTION 3
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1. Write a short paragraph in which you use the following terms: BLOCKADE, PRIVATEER, and GUERRILLA WARFARE.
There were many merchants that were hired as privateers to empower the navy. However, it proved useless once the opposing forces put up the blockades, preventing any trade or travel outside the city lines. After long tribulations, it came down to guerrilla warfare, which consisted of them setting their boats on fire and disrupting the blockade allowing passage.

2. Explain why most Native Americans sided with the British in the conflict.
Because they believed that they posed much less of a threat to them than the Americans did.

3. How did the British navy use the location of the colonies to their advantage?
They set up a blockade outside the American cities so that no one could enter or leave.

4. Why was guerrilla warfare effective against the British?
Because it caught them off-guard. It made it easy for the Americans to fight with small groups that could easily evade British squadrons while still remaining effective in taking out numbers of redcoats.

5. Re-create the diagram below and describe the results of the Battle of Guilford Courthouse.

Battle at Guilford Courthouse -> Cornwallis abandons Carolina campaign.
                                             -> Huge hit to the British forces.
                                             -> Greene forced to retreat.


SECTION 4
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1. Use each of these terms in a sentence that will help explain its meaning: RATIFY and AMBUSH!!!
The jungle people ambushed the group of explorers, surrounding them and pointing spears towards their throats. Once they were captured and taken back to the village, the adventurers desperately tried to work out a peace treaty. Thankfully, the jungle leader ratified, or approved, or the treaty and sent the explorers on their way.

2. Describe how the French navy helped George Washington at Yorktown.
The large ships came in a supplied Washington with over 5000 troops. The second fleet came in and turned the tide of the battle after the British had trapped the first regiment. Washington made a complicated strategy that was successful because of the French naval forces coming in as backup.

3. What influence did the American Revolution have around the world?
It lead to the French Revolution in 1789 who wanted the same liberties and freedom that Americans were fighting for. Saint Dominigue had a similar revolt by the African slaves who took up arms against their French owners. 

4. What might have happened if the French fleet had not arrived at Yorktown?
The Americans would have had a larger disadvantage in numbers and the British could've escape by sea if the second fleet had not enclosed them in. 

5. Re-create the diagram below and describe the terms that the Americans agreed to in the Treaty of Paris.

Treaty of Paris:  -> Great Britain recognized America as an independent nation.
                         -> Americans got all land west of the Mississippi, and From Canada to Florida.
                         -> British troops left American land.
          ->Americans allowed to fish on Canadian waters.
          ->British merchants could collect American debts.
          ->Property taken from Loyalists had to be given back.

Chapter 5 Section 2 Notes and Stuff

          The British began to push out laws that the colonists of America were getting angry at. Everything wasn't going so well and the major events coming from this were catastrophic to the colonist's view of their former leader. 
Starting in 1768, the customs officers began noting that the colonist's were angsty and informed the King about such behaviour. Tensions rose when England sent regiments of Redcoats into America which lead to a flurry of anger and chaos. First of these benevolent acts, was the Boston Massacre on March 5th, 1770. This event was used against the British when Sam Adams and Paul Revere made propaganda posters and convinced most of America to start boycotting British imported goods. 

           British retaliated with the Tea Act in 1773 which put more of the colonists in a stir. The Sons of Liberty acted against them by throwing all the tea out of the harbour in the Boston Tea Party in December, 1773. 

           More acts followed, the Coercive Acts and the Quebec Acts which pushed the Americans over the edge. They began referring to them as the Intolerable Acts and it was very annoying to them. Most of them were committed to rebellion at this point, and the war was just months from starting!!!

Say You Want A Revolution Notes

King Philip's War - summer of 1676 ~ Metacom/King Philip
     Vicious war/Mohegan Indians vs. the English.
More of a genocidal mission than a war. 
Grandson of the same Indian man who contributed to the survival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth is sold into slavery...


Nathaniel Bacon's Rebellion
~ 1676
~ Governor Berkeley
     limits colonist expansion! Hinders growth!
~ Bacon raises troops abd goes to kill Indians. Berkeley declares Bacon an outlaw. Bacon retaliates by burning down Berkeley's house. This causes British troops to come. Bacon dies of dysentery while before he was captured by the opposing forces. 


THEME: Government limiting power to a people. (Lead up to revolution!)


Salem Witch Trials
~ Demonstrates the power of religion in the governments.
~ Important: shows the dangers of the Church/state connection.
~ Started by three girls being strange, fulfilling their own amusement. 20 people died. :(
~ When church is the law, then people will be put to death for religious reasons and judgement will be less logical, causing corruption & accusations.


The Great Awakening
~ Jonathan Edwards sparked a widespread, religious revival in the 1740's.
     Wrote "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."
~ Leads to the founding of many universities: Princeton, Brown, Rotgers, Dartmouth, among others. All very high-ranking schools in the modern day. (EXPENSIVE) O_o
~ Divisions of Church/State
~ Spirit of religious tolerance.


John Peter Zenger and his Printing
~ Put on trial for printing "advertisements" or political cartoons in 1732.
~ Freedom of the press.
~ Zenger was defended by Andrew Hamilton and won the case.


French and Indian War - (Lots of notes on a different post...)
~ The defining battle for world domination between British and French.
~ Things don't go the English way. They had more colonists in America than the French. However, the French had better relations with the Natives, and were more organizing. The English had more greed for land and goods than the French did. 
~ Need to Know: William Pitt --> Pittsburgh! :O
     Recognized for the conquest of North America.
     Capable of borrowing/raising money to win the war. Thinks not of the future, which leads to overproduction to force out the opposer, yet leaves tons of debt later.
Other Generals vital to winning the war:
James Wolfe
Jeffery Amherst <-- first person to practice biological warfare. Intentionally gave blankets to the Indians that were infested with small pox. :(
Small pox kills at least one-third of Washington's soldiers at Valley Forge.


Taxation
No one likes taxes! 
Colonists believed that the local governments were the only ones to taxes them. The King had no right to tax them to pay for the French and Indian War.


Sugar Act
Met with protests. Not as easily seen as Stamp act.



Townsend Acts
Follows the Stamp Act.


Stamp Act
Everything printed: Reels, Marriage certificates, playing cards, letters. All taxed and the colonists went nuts! Riots, Governor Hutchinson's house destroyed by a mob. Officers that issued stamps were run out of town and burnt. 


Tea Act
Tea act acted as a way for Britain to help the East Indian Company to survive as a business.


Intolerable Acts
~Close down Boston Harbor. 
No imports for the colony. 
~Revoked the Massachusetts Charter. 
The land is now the property of the King and there is no local command/government anymore. Insult to the colonists. Colonists forced to quarter soldiers in their houses without consent. 
~ Administration of Justice Act
People who rebelled would be tried in English since the colonists would be biased to putting their peers on trial. 
~ Quebec Act
Gave lands of the Ohio country to Quebec, which is French territory. HUGE INSULT TO THE AMERICANS! The land was the main reason the colonists wanted to get the French out of the area. Severely limits Westward expansion. 






Boston Tea Party
Throw the tea off the ship! Sons of liberty organized this in accordance to the tea act. 


Sons of Liberty - Group set up by Samuel Adams


James Otis - Comes up with the statement "No taxation without representation!" Has mental problems, not as important to the Revolution as others.

Crispus Attucks - One of the five killed in the Boston Massacre. Only one of the group that was African-American.

Paul Revere - Made the Boston Massacre propaganda poster. Most famous for riding in the middle of the night shouting and screaming about the British arrival.


Shot Heard 'Round the World - Lexington & Concord `-` April 1775
~ 77 militia men from America against the British army of 4000+ troops.
~ Americans start employing the guerilla warfare of the Indians, shooting the British army from cover such as trees and palisades. This drives the English forces back to Boston. America is just being unfair... >:[

Massacre at Mystic ~_~

1. How would you describe relationships between the Puritan settlers and the Pequot
before the Pequot War? Why do you think these relationships changed so quickly? 

There was a little tension between each other because they were a little scared of these people that they have never seen before. But there was relative peace between them due to trade system.

2. Before the arrival of the British, what was the status of the Pequot in the
Connecticut River Valley? How would you describe their relationships with other
Native American tribes?
They had rivalries with the Narragansett and the Mohican who later joined the colonists in burning down their village.

3. Why did the Puritans travel to the New World? What were their intentions upon
arrival?

They wanted to come and purify the church, and spread the religion in uncharted territories.

4. Compare and contrast Puritan and Pequot ideas about the following: land and
property, division of labor and gender, and warfare? Give examples to back up
your discussion.
Pequot people had women do work and were treated as equals. Puritans felt this demeaning and thought the Pequot women were babying their men who were actually out in the fields hunting for food. The land was there for the natives to live in and wasn't a possession for any man, but the Puritans felt that they could own the land. They also figured that the land occupied by the natives was fair game since they believed that no one can truly own an area without manipulating the land to grow crops or build housing on.

5. In this program, one commentator suggests that the Dutch colonists favored trade,
while the British prioritized land. How did the difference in focus shape their
interactions with Native Americans, and their goals in the New World?
The Dutch were viewed better by the natives since they had cooperation with each other that was excellent. They gave them the goods they needed and got the same in return.

6. Why were British settlers unhappy with the way Pequot organized their economy
and relationship to the land? Do you think there was any validity to their concerns?
Who do you think, if anyone, ultimately had the right to decide who should
control the land?
Because they figured that no one could really own the land until they cultivated it and readied it for a harvest season. If they didn't build anything or use it to feed themselves/others it was fair game. So the British people felt they could swoop in and take it for themselves and claim it by establishing farms. They also felt that women shouldn't be equal and doing the work that men should be doing. The men were also viewed as spoiled because they looked like they were being 'babied' even though they were out in the fields hunting and gathering and coming home in the late hours. The natives should have a say in who deserved control over the land, however, the native people felt that no one could control or own the land. Since the natives had led their lives in that continent for a considerably long time, they should have higher priority over the new British colonists.   

7. Why do you think the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes fought with the Puritans
against the Pequot? Were you surprised by their actions? Discuss. 

Because they were long time rivals. This isn't surprising because if you asked the Joker to team up with you and your army to take out Batman and Robin, it's highly unlikely that he'd say no.

8. One commentator, Tall Oak, ponders how the early colonies would have been
different if the Puritans had come in peace. How would you answer this question?
Do you think a different outcome in relations between the Pequot and the Puritans
was possible?

They wouldn't have been so hungry for land and control. They could have spared the Natives and made companions which would have given them a boost in supplies and necessities. A different outcome was very possible if the colonists just focused on building a strong settlement in the

9. How did the Pequot manage to resurrect their community hundreds of years after
the massacre? How do you think it would feel to go from devastation to prosperity?
There were a very small number of ancestors that made it out of the burnt village. They had been given a piece of land by the government several years after the massacre and many people banded together to make it a prosperous group. It grew and grew and grew and started to resurrect what was thought to be a long lost culture. Pretty soon, the tribe started to become wealthy and build casinos! 

10. Describe the details of the 1638 Treaty of Hartford, which ended the war. Why
was the treaty considered to be cultural genocide for the Pequot? 

It stated that all the men who fought against the English in the war who didn't already die, were to be sold into slavery around other colonies or in the Caribbean. Women and Children who survived were to be given as servants to the Mohican and Narragansett tribes.

11. What sources do you think historians used in order to recount the story of the
massacre at Mystic? What sources might you use if you were trying to create a
documentary about the early colonies? Do you think this documentary offers a
balanced and informed view of the massacre? Discuss.
Tales/stories/lore/journals of the surviving tribes such as the Narragansett of the Mohicans. Perhaps they had records or personal booklets of those Puritans who burned the Pequot village. This Tall Oak fellow might have a few stories that have been passed down through many generations from his elders that managed to escape the horrible event.

12. How did the massacre at Mystic change the United States?

[It gave us casinos!] It provided the colonists with a solution to the natives taking up space in the new world. They could easily commit genocide, freeing up the land that had been occupied by the Pequot people, allowing the settlements to grow/prosper. 

Happened in 1637

May 26, 1637

Turning Point: John Oldum being murdered and it being blamed on the Pequot.

Stuff we did when Fielding was missing...

8. Why did the colonial population grow rapidly?
Because they had a big industry in farming tobacco in 1619. This caused a big jump in the population because people thought the opportunity to get rich was too good to pass up so they all flocked to the new world, bringing families and slaves with them. 

9. What differences existed between the Tidewater planters and the backcountry farmers of the South?
The soil, the yield, the amount of profit that was made by exporting their product. 

10. What was the Great Awakening?
An increase in religious activities and 'enthusiasm' throughout the colonies. 

11. What immigrant groups settled in Pennsylvania?
The Quakers led by William Penn. Others flocked to the colony once they spread the word of being a place where any religion could be practiced freely.

12. How did the soil in the Middle Colonies differ from that in New England? What did that mean for the two regions?
It was better suited for agriculture and had better climate. This meant New England could only grow enough to get by for themselves, and the Middle Colonies could afford to harvest a little extra to sell/export to gain a little extra profit. 

13. What was the Iroquois Confederacy?
A enormously powerful group of allied native tribes in the New England Colonial region. They protected each other from rival tribes and banded together to share goods, weapons, and knowledge. The members were the Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida, Onandaga, and Cayuga, but the Tuscarora joined them later in 1720. 

14. What was England's reason for the Navigation Acts?
To prevent other countries from trading with the American Colonies so England could have total control over colonial development and structure.

15. What was the Enlightenment?
A cultural movement that sought to advance knowledge in the masses. They felt that this could make society better and produce better, smarter people who would observe nature, solve problems, and invent beneficial things that contributed to American life.

16. What North American Land claims were the French forced to give up in the treaty of Paris?
Canada and a large portion of the lands that fell east of the Mississippi River.

17. Why did the Proclamation of 1763 cause friction?
Because the Appalachians being the western boundary, made people who owned land or had invested in land past that landmark lose out. They got even more angry when England refused to answer them when they were asking for their land back. This influenced a big chunk of the tension that boiled over leading to the Revolution.

THE TOOSDAY Study Questions...

1. Use each of these terms in a sentence that will help explain its meaning: SUBSISTENCE FARMING, TRIANGULAR TRADE, CASH CROP.

"My family owns such little land in this quaint pasture in Massachusetts. We really wish we could make money off the land, but we are limited to subsistence farming which keeps us fed. If only we had the space to grow a cash crop and get involved with the triangular trade, then we'd be very wealthy and I could pay for my son and daughters' college tuition." 

2. Identify the various economic activities carried on in the Middle Colonies.

Farming, while hugely important in all colonies, was far more successful in the Middle Colonies than in New England. The Middle Colonies were also great ports to transport/export their cash crops such as wheat over to England, Africa, or the West Indies.

3. How did New England's natural resources help its commerce?

Their water resources helped power their mills for producing grain and lumber. There was also a lot of space to set up small business for experienced craftspeople. Shipbuilding was nice with the nearby forests providing an abundance of wood. Fish were very plentiful as well giving New England a big fishing economy.

4. How did farming in New England compare with farming in the Southern Colonies? Usa a chart like the one below to answer the question.

Differences:

NEW ENGLAND: Smaller farms, many colonists relied on their children to do labour, farmed for sustaining families

SOUTHERN: Bigger farms, more slaves, farmed for profit/trade

5. How do you think plantation owners in Southern Colonies justified their use of enslaved Africans?

The slaves had been part of their culture and contributed to the success of the economy by producing the crops for them in mass quantities. Without them, there wouldn't be such a big, strong Southern export trade.

6. Study the map on page 103. What goods were traded from the British Colonies to Great Britain? From West Indies to the British Colonies?

~Colonies to Britain~ --> Rice, Tobacco, Indigo, and Furs.

~West Indies to Colonies~ --> Goods and Molasses